The English language has long been a melting pot of global cultures, and its ever-evolving lexicon now bears stronger evidence of that with the inclusion of 11 Filipino words into the prestigious Oxford English Dictionary (OED). This moment is more than just a linguistic update—it’s a celebration of identity, emotion, and tradition. The Oxford Dictionary’s recognition signifies the rising influence of Filipino language and culture on the global stage, driven by a powerful mix of diaspora, media, and cultural pride.
With over 10 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and an expanding cultural footprint in entertainment, cuisine, and social discourse, Filipino words are increasingly gaining global familiarity. Terms like “gigil” and “kilig” don’t just represent emotions—they encapsulate experiences unique to the Filipino psyche. Their official recognition in Oxford not only validates their global relevance but also gives voice to the cultural richness they represent. In this article, we explore the significance of this milestone, the meaning behind each newly added word, and what it means for the global perception of Filipino culture.
The Oxford English Dictionary: A Brief Overview
The Oxford English Dictionary is more than just a reference book—it’s a linguistic authority. Known for its comprehensive approach, the OED provides historical context, pronunciation, and etymology for each of its entries. The process of including new words is methodical and rigorous. Words are not added on a whim but are chosen based on real-world usage, frequency, longevity, and social significance.
When a word enters the OED, it signifies that it has crossed a cultural or geographical boundary and has become part of the broader English-speaking world. Inclusion is usually supported by evidence of the word appearing in books, academic journals, newspapers, and increasingly, on digital platforms like blogs and social media. This recognition signals that a word is not only widely used but also culturally impactful. For Filipino words to reach this echelon is no small feat—it’s the culmination of years of cultural influence and linguistic evolution.
The Rise of Filipino in Global Recognition
The global acknowledgment of Filipino words reflects a broader trend of cultural appreciation. With millions of Filipinos living and working abroad, the language has naturally spread across continents. Conversations between families, friendships forged in multicultural neighborhoods, and expressions of emotion have all contributed to the propagation of uniquely Filipino words.
Additionally, Filipino influence in global pop culture has surged. From Miss Universe speeches and viral TikTok videos to internationally acclaimed Filipino films and food vlogs, the culture is impossible to ignore. Celebrities and influencers casually dropping Filipino phrases in interviews or captions have further normalized these words to a non-Filipino audience. These instances act as micro-moments of cultural education, subtly teaching the world that there’s beauty in linguistic diversity.
The 11 Filipino Words That Made History
1. Gigil This intense emotion doesn’t have a direct English equivalent. It refers to an overwhelming urge, often to pinch something or someone because of cuteness or frustration. It highlights the emotional expressiveness embedded in Filipino communication.
2. Kilig A feeling of romantic excitement, usually caused by affectionate gestures or sweet words. This term is widely used in Filipino media and pop culture and reflects a deeply personal yet universally relatable sensation.
3. Mabuhay Translating roughly to “long live,” this greeting is packed with cultural significance. It embodies warmth, welcome, and the Filipino value of hospitality. Often used in official ceremonies or when welcoming guests, it’s a word with deep national pride.
4. Barkada A term for a close group of friends, often used to signify deep-rooted companionship beyond casual friendship. It reflects how collective social bonds are deeply valued in Filipino culture.
5. Halo-halo Literally meaning “mix-mix,” this dessert is an explosion of textures and flavors. More than just a food item, halo-halo symbolizes the country’s cultural diversity and creativity.
6. Kikay Used to describe someone—often a girl—who is fashion-conscious and playful. It embodies the joy and flair of Filipino style and personality.
7. Despedida A farewell party, this word has Spanish roots but is widely used in the Philippines. It signifies the strong Filipino sentiment around partings and goodbyes.
8. Pasalubong A souvenir or gift brought home for loved ones after a trip. This term underscores the value of thoughtfulness and familial bonding in Filipino society.
9. Bayanihan This is a powerful concept of community cooperation. It’s often visualized as neighbors helping to move a house, but symbolically it means unity, empathy, and collective effort.
10. Pan de sal The humble bread roll that graces many Filipino breakfasts. Its inclusion highlights the importance of food as a cultural marker.
11. Pulutan Refers to finger food or snacks served during drinking sessions. This word reflects the sociable, communal nature of Filipino gatherings.
Why These Words Matter
Each of these words carries more than just a definition—they carry heritage, emotion, and perspective. Their meanings are wrapped in stories, habits, and values unique to Filipino life. Adding them to the OED is not just a linguistic nod; it is cultural affirmation.
A Symbol of National Identity
Language shapes identity, and identity is deeply rooted in language. The Filipino people have long interwoven English and Filipino in daily life—a dynamic, code-switched form of communication known as “Taglish.” By recognizing Filipino words in English contexts, the OED not only validates this fusion but acknowledges that language evolves to reflect modern realities.
The Impact of Social Media
The virality of these words can be attributed in part to social media. Platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube have played crucial roles in pushing these expressions beyond local circles. Influencers, vloggers, and content creators have made words like “kilig” and “gigil” part of global online language.
Academic Interest in Filipino Linguistics
There is growing interest in Filipino linguistics among scholars worldwide. As Southeast Asia gains more academic attention, so too does its languages. Linguists study these terms to better understand how emotions, culture, and society are interlinked in language.
Role of OFWs in Spreading the Language
The Filipino diaspora has perhaps done the most to globalize the language. With OFWs in over 100 countries, their everyday speech, customs, and relationships naturally introduce non-Filipinos to the language. This organic sharing of culture has sown the seeds for wider linguistic appreciation.
Education and Language Policy Implications
Incorporating these recognized words into school curricula and language programs may follow. Their validation by Oxford strengthens the case for linguistic diversity in education and encourages pride among young Filipinos in their heritage.
Community Reactions: A Wave of Pride
Filipinos around the world have greeted the news with joy and pride. On social media and in public discourse, the sentiment is overwhelmingly positive. People see this milestone as a step forward in gaining global respect and acknowledgment.
A Step Toward Cultural Inclusivity
Adding these Filipino words to the OED is part of a broader move toward inclusivity. It tells the world that English is no longer the domain of the West alone. It is a living, breathing entity that adapts to the stories and lives of people everywhere.
What’s Next? The Future of Filipino Words in English
As Filipino culture continues to shine in film, cuisine, music, and lifestyle, we can expect more words to enter global consciousness. Terms like “utang na loob” (debt of gratitude), “bahala na” (come what may), or “harana” (serenade) could be strong contenders in the future.
Conclusion
The inclusion of 11 Filipino words into the Oxford English Dictionary is more than an update to a lexicon—it’s an acknowledgment of a people, a culture, and a history. It reflects the growing influence of Filipino culture on the global stage and the power of language to unite, represent, and celebrate diversity. As these words find their way into classrooms, conversations, and communities around the world, they carry with them the soul of a nation ready to be seen and heard.
